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How Capital Gains Tax Works on Stock Market Investments in India

Jun 30, 2025

Investing in the stock market can be a great way to grow your wealth. But as with any form of income, there's something important you need to keep in mind—capital gains tax on stocks. This is the tax you pay when you make a profit from selling shares. While many new investors focus on the earnings, understanding how taxes work can help you plan better and save more.

Let's break down how capital gains tax does work in India in a simple and easy-to- understand way.

What Is Capital Gains Tax?

When you sell a stock or share for more than what you paid for it, the profit is called a "capital gain." The government taxes this gain—this is known as capital gains tax on stocks. The rate at which you are taxed depends on how long you hold the stock.

Types of Capital Gains

There are mainly two types of capital gains in India when it comes to tax on stocks and shares:

Short-Term Capital Gains (STCG)

If you sell listed shares within one year of buying them, your profit is considered a short- term capital gain. This is taxed at a flat rate of 15%. It's important to remember that even if your income is otherwise below the taxable limit, this 15% applies to short-term stock gains.

Long-Term Capital Gains (LTCG)

If you sell listed stocks after holding them for more than one year, your gains are considered long-term capital gains. These are tax-free, up to ₹1 lakh in a financial year. Anything above that is taxed at 10% without any indexation benefit. This is where many investors ask for help from a long-term capital gains tax calculator to figure out how much they'll owe.

Why You Should Care About Capital Gains Tax?

A lot of investors only realize the impact of capital gains tax on stocks when they are surprised by a tax bill at the end of the year. But planning ahead can save you a good amount. That's why knowing how capital gain tax works is a key part of smart investing.

How to Reduce Capital Gains Taxes?

Wondering how to reduce capital gains taxes without getting into complicated tax strategies? Here are a few easy steps:

Hold for More Than a Year: Just by holding your stocks for a little longer, your gains may move from short-term to long-term—saving you 5% or more in tax.
Use the ₹1 Lakh Exemption Wisely: Every year, you get tax-free long-term gains up to ₹1 lakh. You can sell stocks smartly over different years to take advantage of this.
Offset with Losses: If you've had a bad year with some losses in the market, you can use these to reduce your taxable gains. This is called "setting off" losses.

How to Avoid Capital Gains Tax Legally?

You may also wonder how to avoid capital gains tax entirely. While you can't avoid it completely if you're earning profits, you can use certain options smartly:

Spread out your selling activity to use your ₹1 lakh exemption every year.
Invest in tax-saving instruments if your overall tax liability is high.
Avoid frequent trading. The longer you stay invested, the lesser the tax burden.

Again, using a long-term capital gains tax calculator online can help you plan when to sell and how much to sell in a given year.

Tax on Stocks and Shares: It's Not That Scary

For many, just hearing the words tax on stocks and shares sounds complicated or even discouraging. But in reality, it's not too difficult. Once you understand the rules, it becomes just another part of your financial planning.

Keep records of when you buy and sell your shares. This will make your life easier at the time of filing your income tax returns.

FAQs

Do I have to pay tax even if I reinvest the profits?

Yes, even if you reinvest the profit into new stocks, you'll still have to pay capital gains tax on stocks for the year you made the sale.

What if I gifted shares to a family member?

If you gift shares to a relative, there's no tax at the time of gifting. But if the relative sells them later, capital gains tax on stocks applies based on your original purchase price.

Is there a way to avoid tax by investing again?

No specific exemption in real estate. But smart timing and using the ₹1 lakh exemption limit is the best way to reduce or avoid capital gains tax on your investments.

Are mutual funds taxed the same way?

Yes, equity mutual funds follow similar rules for short-term capital gains tax and long-term capital gains tax, depending on how long you hold them.

Conclusion

Understanding how capital gains tax works is essential if you want to get the most out of your stock market investments. By simply holding your investments a bit longer and planning your selling timeline, you can reduce or even avoid some taxes. Use tools like a long-term capital gains tax calculator to stay ahead and avoid surprises.

If you're looking to invest confidently while keeping taxes in mind, Indiabulls Securities Limited offers smart tools and support to help you navigate the world of stock investments with ease. Whether you're just starting or already trading, their guidance can help you make more informed and tax-smart decisions.

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